Usable SF vs. Rentable SFUsable square footage is the actual space your business occupies. Rentable square footage adds your share of common areas (lobbies, corridors, restrooms). You pay rent on the rentable SF — always compare these numbers.
Load Factor / Loss FactorThe ratio between rentable and usable square footage, expressed as a percentage. A 15% load factor means you are paying for 15% more space than you physically occupy. Negotiate this closely in office buildings.
Rent Commencement DateThe date on which your obligation to pay rent begins. Negotiating a later rent commencement than your lease start date — to allow for build-out — is one of the most valuable concessions a tenant can obtain.
Base Year / Expense StopIn gross leases, the year (or dollar amount) above which operating expense increases are passed through to the tenant. Negotiating a high base year protects you from absorbing near-term expense increases.
CAM (Common Area Maintenance)Your proportionate share of the costs to maintain shared areas of a property — parking lots, landscaping, lobbies, roofs, etc. In NNN leases, CAM is a major variable expense that must be negotiated carefully.
Pro-Rata ShareYour proportionate percentage of the total leasable area in a building or center, used to calculate your share of taxes, insurance, and CAM. Verify this calculation — errors and intentional inflation are not uncommon.
TIA (Tenant Improvement Allowance)Money the landlord contributes to build out or renovate the space for your use, typically expressed as $/SF. It is negotiated as part of the deal and can represent a substantial financial benefit — often the difference between deals.
Turnkey Build-OutAn arrangement where the landlord builds the space to agreed specifications and delivers it ready for occupancy, rather than providing a cash allowance. Ensure build specs are detailed and legally binding.
ROFO / ROFRRight of First Offer (ROFO) gives you the first opportunity to make an offer on adjacent space before the landlord markets it. Right of First Refusal (ROFR) lets you match any third-party offer. Both are powerful expansion protections.
Holdover ClauseIf you stay in a space after your lease expires without renewing, the holdover clause determines your rental rate (often 150% of your last base rent). Plan your renewals carefully to avoid accidental holdover penalties.
Force MajeureA clause excusing lease obligations (including rent payment or build-out delivery) due to events outside either party's control. Post-pandemic, these clauses have taken on new significance and deserve close attention.
Subordination, Non-Disturbance & Attornment (SNDA)An SNDA agreement protects your tenancy if the building's ownership changes or goes through foreclosure. Without one, a new owner could potentially terminate your lease. Always require an SNDA from the lender.